俺是東亞人－漢和韓越™ㄉ酸甜苦辣鹹

(1) Romanization is based on standard Korean pronunciation.

(2) Symbols other than Roman letters are avoided to the greatest extent possible.

▒ Summary of the Romanization System

(1) Vowels are transcribed as follows:

• simple vowels
  

  ㅏ	ㅓ	ㅗ	ㅜ	ㅡ	ㅣ	ㅐ	ㅔ	ㅚ	ㅟ
  a	eo	o	u	eu	i	ae	e	oe	wi

• diphthongs
  

  ㅑ	ㅕ	ㅛ	ㅠ	ㅒ	ㅖ	ㅘ	ㅙ	ㅝ	ㅞ	ㅢ
  ya	yeo	yo	yu	yae	ye	wa	wae	wo	we	ui

  Note 1: ㅢ is transcribed as ui, even when pronounced as ㅣ.
  Note 2: Long vowels are not reflected in Romanization.

(2) Consonants are transcribed as follows:

• plosives (stops)
  

  ㄱ	ㄲ	ㅋ	ㄷ	ㄸ	ㅌ	ㅂ	ㅃ	ㅍ
  g,k	kk	k	d,t	tt	t	b,p	pp	p

• affricates
  

  ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅊ
  j	jj	ch

• fricatives
  

  ㅅ	ㅆ	ㅎ
  s	ss	h

• nasals
  

  ㄴ	ㅁ	ㅇ
  n	m	ng

• liquids
  

  ㄹ

  r,l

  Note 1 : The sounds ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ are transcribed respectively as g, d, and b when they appear before a vowel; they are transcribed as k, t, and p when followed by another consonant or form the final sound of a word. (They are Romanized as pronunciation in [ ].)

  e.g.	구미 Gumi	영동 Yeongdong	백암 Baegam
  	옥천 Okcheon	합덕 Hapdeok	호법 Hobeop
  	월곶[월곧] Wolgot	벚꽃[벋꼳] beotkkot
  	한밭[한받] Hanbat

  Note 2: ㄹ is transcribed as r when followed by a vowel, and as l when followed by a consonant or when appearing at the end of a word. ㄹㄹ is transcribed as ll.

  e.g.	구리 Guri	설악 Seorak	칠곡 Chilgok
  	임실 Imsil	울릉 Ulleung	호법 Hobeop

▒ Special Provisions for Romanization

(1) When Korean sound values change as in the following cases, the results of those changes are Romanized as follows:

1. The case of assimilation of adjacent consonants

e.g.	백마[뱅마] Baengma	신문로[신문노] Sinmunno
	종로[종노] Jongno	왕십리[왕심니] Wangsimni
	별내[별래] Byeollae	신라[실라] Silla

2. The case of the epenthetic ㄴ and ㄹ

e.g.

학여울[항녀울] Hangnyeoul

알약[알략] allyak

3. Cases of palatalization

e.g.	해돋이 haedoji	알같이[가치] gachi
	맞히다[마치다] machida

4. Cases where ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㅈ are adjacent to ㅎ

e.g.	좋고[조코] joko	놓다[노타] nota
	잡혀[자펴] japyeo	낳지[나치] nachi

  However, aspirated sounds are not reflected in case of nouns where ㅎ followsㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ, as in the examples below.

e.g.

묵호 Mukho

집현전 Jiphyeonjeon

Note: Tense (or glottalized) sounds are not reflected in cases where morphemes are compounded, as in the examples below.

e.g.	압구정 Apgujeong	낙동강 Nakdonggang
	죽변 Jukbyeon	낙성대 Nakseongdae
	합정 Hapjeong	팔당 Paldang
	샛별 saetbyeol	울산 Ulsan

(2) When there is the possibility of confusion in pronunciation, a hyphen ‘-‘ may be used.

e.g.	중앙 Jung-ang	반구대 Ban-gudae
	세운 Se-un	해운대 Hae-undae

(3) The first letter is capitalized in proper names.

e.g.

부산 Busan

세종 Sejong

(4) Personal names are written by family name first, followed by a space and the given name. In principle, syllables in given names are not separated by hyphen, but the use of a hyphen between syllables is permitted.

e.g.	민용하 Min Yongha (Min Yong-ha)
	송나리 Song Nari (Song Na-ri)

① Assimilated sound changes between syllables in given names are not transcribed.

e.g.	한복남 Han Boknam (Han Bok-nam)
	홍빛나 Hong Bitna (Hong Bit-na)

② Romanization of family names will be determined separately.

(5) Administrative units such as 도, 시, 군, 구, 읍, 면, 리, 동, and 가 are transcribed respectively as do, si, gun, gu, eup, myeon, ri, dong, and ga, and are preceded by a hyphen. Assimilated sound changes before and after the hyphen are not reflected in Romanization.

e.g.	충청북도 Chungcheongbuk-do	제주도 Jeju-do
	의정부시 Uijeongbu-si	양주군 Yangju-gun
	도봉구 Dobong-gu	신창읍 Sinchang-eup
	삼죽면 Samjuk-myeon	인왕리 Inwang-ri
	당산동 Dangsan-dong	봉천1동 Bongcheon 1(il)-dong
	종로 2가 Jongno 2 (i)-ga	퇴계로 3가 Toegyero 3 (sam)-ga

Note: Terms for administrative units such as 시, 군, 읍 may be omitted.

e.g.	청주시 Cheongju
	함평군 Hampyeong
	순창읍 Sunchang

(6) Names of geographic features, cultural properties, and man-made structures may be written without hyphens.

e.g.	남산 Namsan	속리산 Songnisan
	금강 Geumgang	독도 Dokdo
	경복궁 Gyeongbokgung	무량수전 Muryangsujeon
	연화교 Yeonhwagyo	극락전 Geungnakjeon
	안압지 Anapji	남한산성 Namhansanseong
	화랑대 Hwarangdae	불국사 Bulguksa
	현충사 Hyeonchungsa	독립문 Dongnimmun
	오죽헌 Ojukheon	촉석루 Chokseongnu
	종묘 Jongmyo	다보탑 Dabotap

(7) Proper names such as personal names and those of companies may continue to be written as they have been previously.

(8) When it is necessary to convert Romanized Korean back to Hangeul in special cases such as in academic articles, Romanization is done according to Hangeul spelling and not pronunciation. Each Hangeul letter is Romanized as explained in section 2 except that ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㄹ are always written as g, d, b, l. When ㅇ has no sound value, it is replaced by a hyphen may also be used when it is necessary to distinguish between syllables.

e.g.	집 jib	짚 jip
	밖 bakk	값 gabs
	붓꽃 buskkoch	먹는 meogneun
	독립 doglib	문리 munli
	물엿 mul-yeos	굳이 gud-i
	좋다 johda	가곡 gagog
	조랑말 jolangmal	없었습니다 eobs-eoss-seubnida

Additional Provisions

1. This system of Romanization becomes effective on the date it is formally proclaimed.
2. Signs using the previous system of Romanization (road signs, official large-scale notices, information posted at cultural sites, etc.), when this system of Romanization becomes effective, must follow this system by December 31, 2005.
3. Publication such as textbooks using the previous system of Romanization must follow this system by February 28, 2002.

New Romanization System (Simplified Table)

* "Final" refers to the final position character in a Korean syllable.
"Initial" refers to the first position character in a Korean syllable. When the final position character of one syllable is followed by the first position character of the next, the phonetic value of either or both characters changes in a limited number of cases as demonstrated here.